129 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
129 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
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# Apple corner
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MacOS is a BSD derivative that constantly does things differently under the
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hood. While most things are Unix compatible, some things are just different
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### Basic setup
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MacOS requires a few manual interventions to get the system working
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# spctl --master-disable
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Reveals the option in "Security & Privacy" to run apps from any developer
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~/Library/Sounds/madoka_error.aiff
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Sound files stored in this directory are available under Sound -> Sound Effects
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~/Library/KeyBindings/DefaultKeyBinding.dict
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Allows basic remapping for system-wide key binds. Use `skhd` for complex hotkeys
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### Basic commands
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$ echo 'hello' | pbcopy
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$ pbpaste > note.txt
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Interact with the system clipboard through terminal. This does not work for
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images. Install `pngpaste` for that functionality
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$ say 'something'
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Says string with system voice. Useful as a notification for when a task is done
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$ afplay
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Plays the audio of an audio file, such as an `mp3` or `wav`
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### Disk Utility
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$ diskutil list
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Lists all the volumes the system currently sees. This works for unmounted and
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encrypted partitions as well
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$ diskutil mount disk1s1
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Mounts `disk1s1`. Most useful to mount USB drives without physically reseeding
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$ diskutil apfs unlockVolume disk1s1
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Unlocks and mounts an apple file system volume
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### Launch daemon
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Systemd for MacOS. It will automatically load scripts in designated directories
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on login. It can also be controlled manually through `launchctl`
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$ launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.skhd.plist
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$ launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.skhd.plist
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Loads and starts the skhd daemon. `<key>Label</key>` must be the same to unload
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# launchctl list | grep skhd
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Check the status of a running process. First number is the PID, second number is
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the exit code. If the second number isn't 0 or there's no PID something broke
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/Users/emiliko/Library/LaunchAgents/com.launcher.plist
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This file will be started automatically on emiliko's login. All paths provided
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in must be absolute paths from root. Use `/Users/emiliko/` not `~/`
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/Users/emiliko/Library/LaunchAgents/com.launcher.plist
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<key>StandardOutPath</key>
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<string>/tmp/skhd.out</string>
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<key>StandardErrorPath</key>
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<string>/tmp/skhd.err</string>
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Redirects stdout and stderr. Watch these files with `tail -f /tmp/skhd.err | nl`
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### Installing SSHFS on Mac
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To set up ssh filesystem (sshfs) on a mac, follow these steps on the client:
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$ brew install --cask osxfuse
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Installs `osxfuse`. This is an open source tool to extend your mac's fs support
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https://osxfuse.github.io/
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$ curl https://github.com/osxfuse/sshfs/releases/download/osxfuse-sshfs-2.5.0/sshfs-2.5.0.pkg
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Recently brew removed sshfs from its supported casks, since it relies on closed
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source code. Instead, you'll need to install it directly from the download link
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See ssh_notes for using SSHFS
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### OSA script
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MacOS's GUI can often be controlled through the use of Apple's `osascript`.
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Notably, this can allow shell programs to give GUI notifications
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osascript -e 'display notification "'"${message}"'
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Sends the system notification with the contents of `$message`
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osascript -e 'display notification "'"${msg}"'" with title "Skhd"'
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Adds a "Skhd" as a title to the notification
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osascript -e 'display notification "'"${msg}"'" with title "Skhd" subtitle
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"Could not save image"'
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Further adds a subtitle for the notification
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afplay $(defaults read .GlobalPreferences.plist \
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| awk '/sound.beep.sound"/ { gsub(/(.*= ")|(";)/, "", $0); print }')
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Plays the default system error sound through the current audio output device
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## FreeBSD corner
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Keep in mind that MacOS is based on a really old FreeBSD and NetBSD kernel, so
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many sections here will somewhat apply to Macs as well
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#### Users and groups
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Various commands for managing system permissions. Many can be, at least
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somewhat, run the user themselves with their password
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# adduser
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# rmuser
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$ chpass # edit user account settings, like login name and expiry
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$ passwd # change a user's password
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$ pw # a cli frontend for the settings files above. More advanced
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https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/basics/#users-modifying
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/etc/group
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$ id emiliko
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Shows groups a user belongs to. User seems to implicitly belong to their group
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rwxr-x---x .
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rwxr-x-r-- secret_file
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rwxr-x-rw- no_touching
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Oddly, the `x` on the directory here means means all other users:
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- Can `cd` into the directory
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- Cannot `ls` in this directory
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- Can read the file `secret_file` using something like `vim secret_file`
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- Can write to `no_touching`. Vim can only do this with `:x!` not `:w!`
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# service sshd restart
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Reboots the ssh daemon. Users connected through ssh won't lose connection, if
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the reboot is successful
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[//]: # ex: set ft=markdown:tw=80:
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